furosemide

A 68-year-old woman with a history of hypertension and heart failure is admitted to the hospital with increasing shortness of breath and peripheral edema. She is currently taking furosemide 40mg daily. Her blood tests reveal the following: Na+ 130 mmol/L (135-145 mmol/L), K+ 3.1 mmol/L (3.5-5.0 mmol/L), Cl- 95 mmol/L (98-107 mmol/L), HCO3- 32 mmol/L (22-29 mmol/L). What is the most appropriate initial management?

A 72-year-old man with a history of chronic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and atrial fibrillation presents to the cardiology clinic for routine follow-up. He reports increased fatigue and occasional palpitations but denies chest pain or syncope. His current medications include lisinopril, carvedilol, furosemide, and digoxin. His blood pressure is 110/70 mmHg, heart rate is 78 bpm, and he has mild peripheral edema. Recent laboratory tests show a serum creatinine of 1.2 mg/dL and potassium of 4.5 mmol/L. An echocardiogram shows an ejection fraction of 35%. Considering his current medication regimen and clinical status, which of the following is the most appropriate next step in his pharmacological management?

A 68-year-old woman with a history of heart failure presents to the emergency department with increasing shortness of breath and lower extremity edema. She has been taking furosemide 40mg daily for the past year. Her blood pressure is 110/70 mmHg, heart rate is 90 bpm, and respiratory rate is 24 breaths/min. An ECG shows flattened T waves and prominent U waves. Which of the following is the most likely electrolyte abnormality contributing to her presentation?

A 72-year-old man with a history of heart failure and hypertension is admitted to the hospital with pneumonia. His medications include furosemide, ramipril, and digoxin. On day 3 of admission, he develops new-onset polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (Torsades de Pointes). An ECG shows a QTc interval of 580 ms. Which of the following is the MOST likely contributing factor to his arrhythmia?

A 78-year-old woman with a history of heart failure (reduced ejection fraction), type 2 diabetes, and recent hospitalisation for pneumonia presents to her GP with increasing fatigue and a single episode of dizziness leading to a fall without loss of consciousness. Her current medications are Digoxin 125 mcg daily, Furosemide 40 mg daily, Ramipril 5 mg daily, Metformin 500 mg BD, and Amoxicillin 500 mg TDS (started 5 days ago for pneumonia). An ECG in clinic shows sinus rhythm, rate 70 bpm, and a QTc of 530 ms. An ECG from 6 months prior had a QTc of 440 ms. Recent laboratory tests show Na 138 mmol/L, K 4.2 mmol/L, Mg 0.9 mmol/L, Ca 2.3 mmol/L, Creatinine 90 µmol/L, and Digoxin level 1.1 ng/mL. Considering the clinical context and investigations, which of the following is the most likely significant contributor to the observed QTc prolongation?